The stomach is made up of several layers of tissue: The mucosa mucous membrane is the inner lining of the stomach. When the stomach is empty the mucosa has a ridged appearance. These ridges rugae flatten out as the stomach fills with food. The next layer that covers the mucosa is the submucosa. It is made up of connective tissue that contains larger blood and lymph vessels, nerve cells and fibres.
The muscularis propria or muscularis externa is the next layer that covers the submucosa. It is the main muscle of the stomach and is made up of 3 layers of muscle. The serosa is the fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the stomach.
The serosa of the stomach is also called the visceral peritoneum. The stomach has 3 main functions: temporary storage for food, which passes from the esophagus to the stomach where it is held for 2 hours or longer mixing and breakdown of food by contraction and relaxation of the muscle layers in the stomach digestion of food. The mucosa contains specialized cells and glands that produce hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to help digest food.
The mucosa in the cardiac and pyloric regions of the stomach release mucus that helps protect the lining of the stomach from the acid produced for digestion. Here, learn about its anatomy, functions, and the kinds of health problems that can occur. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Read this next. Jejunum Overview. Masseter Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network.
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